Raman Spectroscopy Enables Non-invasive and Confirmatory Diagnostics of Aluminum and Iron Toxicities in Rice.

Abstract

Metal toxicities can be detrimental to a plant health, as well as to the health of animals and humans that consume such plants. Metal content of plants can be analyzed using colorimetric, atomic absorption- or mass spectroscopy-based methods. However, these techniques are destructive, costly and laborious. In the current study, we investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS), a modern spectroscopic technique, for detection and identification of metal toxicities in rice. We modeled medium and high levels of iron and aluminum toxicities in hydroponically grown plants. Spectroscopic analyses of their leaves showed that both iron and aluminum toxicities can be detected and identified with ∼100% accuracy as early as day 2 after the stress initiation. We also showed that diagnostics accuracy was very high not only on early, but also on middle (day 4-day 8) and late (day 10-day 14) stages of the stress development. Importantly this approach only requires an acquisition time of 1 s; it is non-invasive and non-destructive to plants. Our findings suggest that if implemented in farming, RS can enable pre-symptomatic detection and identification of metallic toxins that would lead to faster recovery of crops and prevent further damage.

Plant phenotyping relevance

イネ葉のラマン分光法により、アルミニウム・鉄毒性という植物の生理状態を非破壊かつ早期に検出・識別する手法を中心に評価しており、植物フェノタイピング手法に該当する。

Code and data availability

The paper reports Raman spectra, photographs, and height measurements of rice under Al/Fe toxicity, analyzed with PLS-DA in PLS Toolbox. No public repository deposit of spectra, images, models, or analysis code is stated; the data availability statement only points to the article/Supplementary Material and directs进一步in

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