Early-Stage Detection of Biotic and Abiotic Stress on Plants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis.

Abstract

Most agricultural land, as a result of climate change, experiences severe stress that significantly reduces agricultural yields. Crop sensing by imaging techniques allows early-stage detection of biotic or abiotic stress to avoid damage and significant yield losses. Among the top certified imaging techniques for plant stress detection is chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging, which can evaluate spatiotemporal leaf changes, permitting the pre-symptomatic monitoring of plant physiological status long before any visible symptoms develop, allowing for high-throughput assessment. Here, we review different examples of how chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging analysis can be used to evaluate biotic and abiotic stress. Chlorophyll a is able to detect biotic stress as early as 15 min after Spodoptera exigua feeding, or 30 min after Botrytis cinerea application on tomato plants, or on the onset of water-deficit stress, and thus has potential for early stress detection. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) analysis is a rapid, non-invasive, easy to perform, low-cost, and highly sensitive method that can estimate photosynthetic performance and detect the influence of diverse stresses on plants. In terms of ChlF parameters, the fraction of open photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (q p ) can be used for early stress detection, since it has been found in many recent studies to be the most accurate and appropriate indicator for ChlF-based screening of the impact of environmental stress on plants.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物ストレス状態をクロロフィル蛍光画像で早期検出・評価する手法を中心に扱うレビューであり、植物フェノタイピング手法レビューに該当する。

Code and data availability

This is a review article on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for plant stress detection. All figures (e.g., Figures 4-8) are explicitly adopted from prior cited publications, not from this paper's own measurements. No public phenotype datasets, images, analysis code, models, or data availability statements are present;

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