Non-Targeted Spectranomics for the Early Detection of Xylella fastidiosa Infection in Asymptomatic Olive Trees, cv. Cellina di Nardò.

Abstract

Olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) is a disease that has been seriously affecting olive trees in southern Italy since around 2009. During the disease, caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca sequence type ST53 ( Xf ), the flow of water and nutrients within the trees is significantly compromised. Initially, infected trees may not show any symptoms, making early detection challenging. In this study, young artificially infected plants of the susceptible cultivar Cellina di Nardò were grown in a controlled environment and co-inoculated with additional xylem-inhabiting fungi. Asymptomatic leaves of olive plants at an early stage of infection were collected and analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), hyperspectral reflectance (HSR), and chemometrics. The application of a spectranomic approach contributed to shedding light on the relationship between the presence of specific hydrosoluble metabolites and the optical properties of both asymptomatic Xf -infected and non-infected olive leaves. Significant correlations between wavebands located in the range of 530-560 nm and 1380-1470 nm, and the following metabolites were found to be indicative of Xf infection: malic acid, fructose, sucrose, oleuropein derivatives, and formic acid. This information is the key to the development of HSR-based sensors capable of early detection of Xf infections in olive trees.

Plant phenotyping relevance

HSRとケモメトリクスにより、無症状オリーブ葉からXylella感染状態を推定する手法を中心に扱っており、植物病害状態の非破壊センシング手法開発に直接つながる。

Code and data availability

The paper reports NMR and hyperspectral reflectance measurements of olive leaves, but no public dataset, image, code, or model deposit is mentioned. The Data Availability Statement says data are contained within the article, and the only URLs cited are the CC BY license and generic R/RStudio tool references, none of a

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