Epidermal electronic-tattoo for plant immune response monitoring.

Abstract

Abstract Real-time monitoring of plant immune responses is crucial for understanding plant immunity and mitigating economic losses from pathogen and pest attacks. However, current methods relying on molecular-level assessment are destructive and time-consuming. Here, we report an ultrathin, substrate-free, and highly conductive electronic tattoo (e-tattoo) designed for plants, enabling immune response monitoring through non-invasive electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The e-tattoo’s biocompatibility, high conductivity, and sub-100 nm thickness allow it to conform to leaf tissue morphology and provide robust impedance data. We demonstrate continuous EIS analysis of live transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants for over 24 h, capturing the onset of NLR-mediated acute immune responses within three hours post-induction, prior to visible symptoms. RNA-seq and tissue ion leakage tests validate that EIS data accurately represent the physiological and molecular changes associated with immune activation. This non-invasive tissue-assessment technology has the potential to enhance our comprehension of immune activation mechanisms in plants and paves the way for real-time monitoring for plant health management.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物の免疫状態を非破壊・連続的に測定するEIS電子タトゥーを開発し、RNA-seqとイオン漏出試験で妥当性を検証しているため、植物表現型測定法が研究の中心です。

Code and data availability

The supplied blocks describe EIS phenotyping of plant e-tattoos and mention 'Source data are provided as a Source Data file' and supplementary figures/movies, but no authors' public URL, repository, or deposit identifier for data or code appears in the supplied text. The only URLs present are the Creative Commons CC BY

No evidence-backed public reproduction asset is currently recorded.