Phenotypic characterization of Serbian bread wheat landraces for breeding-relevant traits

Abstract

The characterization of wheat genetic resources constitutes a fundamental prerequisite for their effective use in breeding programs aimed at preventing future food shortages. Continued technological developments in plant phenotyping for remote and proximal sensing have enabled multidimensional data acquisition and analysis, making the screening of large numbers of genotypes more accessible and costeffective. Within this framework, 36 bread wheat landraces collected from different localities across Serbia were grown under rainfed conditions during the 2024/25 growing season at Rimski Šančevi, near Novi Sad (45.20° N, 19.51° E) and analyzed using several proximal non-destructive phenotyping devices. In the field trials, genotypes were evaluated at two growth stages for seven traits associated with plant productivity: green cover, leaf area index, maximum plant height, normalized difference vegetation index (Literal sensor, Hiphen), chlorophyll content, and nitrogen balance index (DUALEX optical leaf clip meter, Metos). After harvest, the landraces were assessed for thousand grain weight and grain size fractions (length, width, area) using the MARViN system (MARViTECH), and basic technological parameters (protein, moisture, carbohydrates, oil contents) using the GrainSense Analyzer (Oulu). Principal Component Analysis revealed a clear separation among the analyzed genotypes, reflecting their substantial genetic diversity with respect to the evaluated traits, and highlighting their potential as a valuable source of novel alleles for enhancing breeding value and developing high-yielding varieties with improved technological quality.

Plant phenotyping relevance

複数の近位非破壊センシング機器を用いて、遺伝資源の生育・形態・生理・収量関連形質を体系的に取得することが研究の中心であり、実質的なフェノタイピング手法の適用に該当する。

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