Updating high-resolution image dataset for the automatic classification of phenological stage and identification of racemes in Urochloa spp. hybrids with expanded images and annotations.

Abstract

This dataset is an expanded version of a previously published collection of high-resolution RGB images of Urochloa spp. genotypes, initially designed to facilitate automated classification of phenological stages and raceme identification in forage breeding trials. The original dataset included 2400 images of 200 genotypes captured under controlled conditions, supporting the development of computer vision models for High-Throughput Phenotyping (HTP). In this updated release, 139 additional images and 24,983 new annotations have been added, bringing the dataset to a total of 2539 images and 47,323 raceme annotations. This version introduces increased diversity in image-capture conditions, with data collected from two geographic locations (Palmira, Colombia, and Ocozocoautla de Espinosa, Mexico) and a range of image-capture devices, including smartphones (e.g. Realme C53 and Oppo Reno 11), a Nikon D5600 camera, and a Phantom 4 Pro V2 drone. Images now vary in perspective (nadir, high-angle, and frontal) and capture distance (1-3 meters), enhancing the dataset applicability for robust Deep Learning (DL) models. Compared to the original dataset, raceme density per plant has nearly doubled in some samples, offering higher raceme overlap for advanced instance segmentation tasks. This expanded dataset supports deeper exploration of phenotypic variation in Urochloa spp. and offers greater potential for developing adaptable models in crop phenotyping.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物の生育ステージ分類と総状花序の同定を目的とする画像データセットで、注釈付き画像の拡張、撮影条件の多様化、インスタンスセグメンテーション用途が中心であり、再利用可能な表現型解析基盤に該当する。

Code and data availability

The paper is a Data in Brief describing a public Harvard Dataverse deposit of the paper's own Urochloa spp. hybrid RGB images and COCO raceme annotations, with a direct DOI URL listed in allowed_urls.