Carbon Benefits and Water Costs of Cover Crops by Assimilating Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Images in a Crop Model

Abstract

The use of cover crops is one of the most effective practices for maintaining, or even improving, the carbon balance of agricultural soils, while offering various ecosystem benefits. However, replacing bare soil with cover crops can increase transpiration and potentially reduce the water available for subsequent cash crops. The study takes place in southwestern France where it is essential to strike a balance between carbon storage and water availability, and where agroecological practices are encouraged and water resources are limited and expected to diminish with climate change. In this study, estimates of cover crop biomass production, as well as of the components of the water and carbon cycles, are carried out using a hybrid approach, AgriCarbon-EO, combining modeling, remote sensing, and assimilation, with quantification of target variables and their uncertainties at decametric resolution. The SAFYE-CO2 agrometeorological model used in AgriCarbon-EO is calibrated to represent cover crops development, and simulated variables are compared with CO2 fluxes and evapotranspiration measured by eddy covariance (for NEE, R2 = 0.57, RMSE = 0.97 gC·m−2; for ETR, R2 = 0.42, RMSE = 0.87 mm), as well as to an extensive above-ground biomass dataset (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 93.3 g·m−2). Knowing the local performance of the approach, a large-scale, decametric-resolution modeling exercise was carried out to simulate winter cover crops in southwestern France, over five contrasting fallow periods. The significant variability in cover crop phenology and above-ground biomass was characterized, and estimates of the amount of humified carbon added to the soil by cover crops were quantified at the pixel level. With amounts ranging from 40 to 130 gC·m−2 for most of the considered pixels, these new SOC values show clear trends as a function of cumulative evapotranspiration. However, the impact of cover crops on soil water content appears to be minimal due to spring precipitation.

Plant phenotyping relevance

衛星リモートセンシングと作物モデルの同化手法を用いて、カバークロップのバイオマス、フェノロジー、発達を推定し、実測データで検証しているため、植物形質の取得・推定が実質的な方法要素となっている。

Code and data availability

The paper's own analysis code (AgriCarbon-EO v1.0.1 with SAFYE-CO2 v2.0.5) is available only upon signing a license agreement with Toulouse Technology Transfer, and the paper-specific validation datasets (eddy covariance fluxes and cover crop biomass measurements) are available on request / under a data-sharing via the

No evidence-backed public reproduction asset is currently recorded.