Evaluation of X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy as a Tool for Nutrient Analysis of Pea Seeds

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the utility and reliability of X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to analyze macro‐ (K and Ca) and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se) in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. The pea seed samples were ground into flour and pelleted to collect the XRF spectra. Seventy‐three pea seed samples were selected to cover the expected concentration ranges for each element to develop calibration curves by correlating the XRF results with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The XRF results were validated by a systematic comparison of data obtained from AAS on a set of 80 additional and independent pea seed samples. Element concentrations were also predicted using the fundamental parameter approach collectively for 153 samples. For all the calibration curves, the R² value was >0.8, except for K (0.54). For Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se, the XRF predictions were similar to AAS measurements at a 95% confidence level. Similar results were obtained with the fundamental parameter approach except for Fe for which significant bias of ∼6 mg kg⁻¹ was calculated. Except for K, R value for all the validation curves was >0.85. Thus, the results obtained using XRF and the fundamental parameter approach were statistically not different from the AAS method. This study demonstrated that the XRF technique is a fast and reliable, nondestructive, and noninvasive analytical tool for mineral analysis, particularly for transition metals, does not produce waste, and requires no chemical reagents.

Plant phenotyping relevance

エンドウ種子の元素濃度という植物器官形質を対象に、XRF分析の校正と独立試料による妥当性検証を中心課題としているため、植物フェノタイピング手法として収録する。

Code and data availability

The paper describes XRF/AAS mineral analysis of 153 pea seed samples, but no public phenotype dataset, spectra, images, or author analysis code is deposited or linked. Supplemental material is mentioned only generically ('Supplemental material is available online for this article') with no URL or description of data or

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