Plant−Plant Communication for Systemic Acquired Resistance under Biotic Stress Spatiotemporally Tracked by an In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Aerosol Spraying Analyzer

Abstract

Abstract This study pioneers a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) analyzer leveraging engineered Au core/Ag shell nanocubes (Au@AgNCs) to bridge in planta pathogen tracking with airborne defense signal monitoring, enabling unprecedented decoding of plant–plant communication (PPC) kinetics. Within a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)-infected plant biotic stress model, the analyzer achieved: (1) spatiotemporal mapping of virulence kinetics through sensitive detection of P. aeruginosa-specific virulence factor pyocyanin, establishing infection progression timelines and tissue-specific dissemination gradients. (2) Quantification of stress-responsive signaling via dual-functionalized Au@AgNCs, revealing methyl salicylate (MeSA) release kinetics and establishing a direct correlation between pathogen invasion severity and airborne alarm signal—a calibrated defense response heretofore unquantified. (3) Real-time in situ monitoring of MeSA-mediated PPC revealed fundamental plant physiological breakthroughs: First, receiver-specific signaling reprogramming occurs where healthy plants exhibit delayed yet amplified defense hormone kinetics, contrasting sharply with the immediate response of infected emitters. Second, evolutionarily constrained coordination emerges through cross-species signaling divergence, where phylogenetic adaptations in phytohormone perception circuits drive distinct defense strategies−exemplified by Solanaceae amplification versus Poaceae suppression. (4) Validation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in PPC-primed plants showing 63.5% reduced infection severity and two days delayed susceptibility. This analyzer integrates molecular-scale pathogen kinetics with ecosystem-level signaling networks, advancing precision agriculture through field-deployable plant immunity diagnostics.

Plant phenotyping relevance

SERSセンサーアナライザーの開発・検証が研究の中心で、植物感染進行、ストレス応答、空中防御シグナル、感染重症度を時空間的に測定するため、植物フェノタイピング手法に該当する。

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