Sensitivity of Vegetation Indices for Estimating Vegetative N Status in Winter Wheat.

Abstract

Precise sensor-based non-destructive estimation of crop nitrogen (N) status is essential for low-cost, objective optimization of N fertilization, as well as for early estimation of yield potential and N use efficiency. Several studies assessed the performance of spectral vegetation indices (SVI) for winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), often either for conditions of low N status or across a wide range of the target traits N uptake (Nup), N concentration (NC), dry matter biomass (DM), and N nutrition index (NNI). This study aimed at a critical assessment of the estimation ability depending on the level of the target traits. It included seven years' data with nine measurement dates from early stem elongation until flowering in eight N regimes (0-420 kg N ha -1 ) for selected SVIs. Tested across years, a pronounced date-specific clustering was found particularly for DM and NC. While for DM, only the R900_970 gave moderate but saturated relationships (R 2 = 0.47, p 2 = 0.59, p NC ≈ DM. Depending on the number (n = 1-3) and characteristic of cultivars included, the relationships improved when testing within instead of across cultivars, with the relatively lowest cultivar effect on the estimation of DM and the strongest on NC. For assessing the trait estimation under conditions of high-excessive N fertilization, the range of the target traits was divided into two intervals with NNI values 0.8 (interval 2: high N status). Although better estimations were found in interval 1, useful relationships were also obtained in interval 2 from the best indices (DM: R780_740: average R 2 = 0.35, RMSE = 567 kg ha -1 ; NC: REIP: average R 2 = 0.40, RMSE = 0.25%; NNI: REIP: average R 2 = 0.46, RMSE = 0.10; Nup: REIP: average R 2 = 0.48, RMSE = 21 kg N ha -1 ). While in interval 1, all indices performed rather similarly, the three red edge-based indices were clearly better suited for the three N-related traits. The results are promising for applying SVIs also under conditions of high N status, aiming at detecting and avoiding excessive N use. While in canopies of lower N status, the use of simple NIR/VIS indices may be sufficient without losing much precision, the red edge information appears crucial for conditions of higher N status. These findings can be transferred to the configuration and use of simpler multispectral sensors under conditions of contrasting N status in precision farming.

Plant phenotyping relevance

冬コムギのスペクトル植生指数によるN状態・バイオマス等の非破壊推定性能を複数年・品種・施肥条件で批判的に評価しており、センサー型表現型計測と検証が中心である。

Code and data availability

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