Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Classification and Prediction of Pigments in Agronomic Crops.

Abstract

Reflectance spectroscopy, in combination with machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, is an effective method for classifying and predicting pigments and phenotyping in agronomic crops. This study aims to use hyperspectral data to develop a robust and precise method for the simultaneous evaluation of pigments, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, in six agronomic crops: corn, sugarcane, coffee, canola, wheat, and tobacco. Our results demonstrate high classification accuracy and precision, with principal component analyses (PCAs)-linked clustering and a kappa coefficient analysis yielding results ranging from 92 to 100% in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) to near-infrared (NIR) to shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. Predictive models based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) achieved R 2 values ranging from 0.77 to 0.89 and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) values over 2.1 for each pigment in C 3 and C 4 plants. The integration of pigment phenotyping methods with fifteen vegetation indices further improved accuracy, achieving values ranging from 60 to 100% across different full or range wavelength bands. The most responsive wavelengths were selected based on a cluster heatmap, β-loadings, weighted coefficients, and hyperspectral vegetation index (HVI) algorithms, thereby reinforcing the effectiveness of the generated models. Consequently, hyperspectral reflectance can serve as a rapid, precise, and accurate tool for evaluating agronomic crops, offering a promising alternative for monitoring and classification in integrated farming systems and traditional field production. It provides a non-destructive technique for the simultaneous evaluation of pigments in the most important agronomic plants.

Plant phenotyping relevance

ハイパースペクトル反射分光と機械学習により、複数作物の色素を非破壊・同時評価する手法を開発・評価しており、植物表現型取得が研究の中心である。

Code and data availability

The supplied blocks describe hyperspectral reflectance measurements, ML classification, and PLSR pigment prediction for six crops, but contain no data availability statement, no public dataset or code repository, and no author-provided URL for spectra, models, or scripts. Only the article itself and generic references/

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