Histochemical Staining of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots for Quantification of Fungal Colonization, High-Resolution Imaging, and Localization of Symbiotic Gene Expression.

Abstract

Histochemical staining and microscopy-based techniques have been widely used to detect, quantify, and analyze the morphology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in roots. Here, we describe a traditional standardized method for staining of AMF in colonized roots using trypan blue, along with possible modifications to adapt the protocol to specific needs, such as root type or reducing the use of toxic reagents. We also summarize common approaches for quantifying arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. In addition, we present a simple fluorescent staining protocol, using wheat germ agglutinin-Alexa Fluor conjugates, for high-resolution imaging of fungal colonization patterns and arbuscule morphology in roots. Finally, we describe a GUS staining method for localizing the promoter activity of plant genes potentially involved in mycorrhization, using transformed mycorrhizal hairy roots carrying promoter-GUS fusions.

Plant phenotyping relevance

AMF感染根の菌根菌コロニー形成量・形態を染色と顕微鏡で取得・定量する標準化プロトコルおよび高解像度画像法を中心に扱っており、植物状態の表現型計測法として中心的です。

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