Validation and application of high-throughput 3D multispectral phenotyping platform for evaluating seasonal adaptation in Chinese cabbage

Abstract

Climate change poses increasing challenges to Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis ) production through unpredictable weather patterns that induce premature bolting and physiological disorders. Traditional breeding programs rely on labor-intensive visual assessment that cannot capture continuous developmental dynamics or precisely quantify stress responses across variable environments. This study validated and applied an automated high-throughput phenotyping system for evaluating seasonal adaptation in 134 Chinese cabbage genotypes across contrasting autumn (favorable) and spring (stressful) seasons in Taiwan. The system, based on a FieldScan gantry platform equipped with multispectral 3D scanners, operated autonomously 2-3 times daily, continuously monitoring morphological parameters (3D leaf area, digital biomass, plant height) and spectral indices (NDVI, PSRI) throughout the growth cycle. The system’s automated components -continuous data acquisition and real-time parameter extraction – generated approximately 100,000 data points from 63 morphological, spectral, and structural parameters during 6-week pre-harvest period. Subsequent quality and statistical analysis enabled objective genotype classification and breeding decisions. Automated measurements showed season-dependent associations with visual assessment scores (R² = 0.37-0.56 in autumn; R² = 0.73-0.80 in spring), with spring models substantially outperforming autumn models due to enhanced physiological differentiation under stress. Spring cultivation induced severe stress responses, evidenced by 71% increase in PSRI (0.12 vs. 0.07) and 26% increase in plant height, with bolting resistance emerging as the critical determinant of adaptation. A quantile-based multi-dimensional classification framework integrating seasonal composite scores and Euclidean distances stratified germplasm into actionable breeding categories: stable genotypes (3.7%), spring-specific types (0.7%), poor performers (13.4%), and intermediate materials (82.1%). Continuous temporal monitoring enabled early stress detection, with binned PSRI measurements predicting subsequent morphological development one week in advance (R² = 0.62). This integrated phenotyping framework provides efficient tools for accelerating climate-resilient breeding through objective genotype classification, early stress detection, and data-driven decision support, with potential adaptation to other vegetable crops and integration with IoT-based collaborative breeding network.

Plant phenotyping relevance

高スループット3D・マルチスペクトル表現型計測プラットフォームの検証と応用が研究の中心であり、形態・スペクトル形質の自動取得、抽出、予測性能、遺伝子型分類を評価している。

Code and data availability

公開論文であることは確認できましたが、現在の公式API・許可済み取得経路では本文を自動取得できませんでした。

No evidence-backed public reproduction asset is currently recorded.