Hyperspectral remote sensing to detect leafminer-induced stress in bok choy and spinach according to fertilizer regime and timing.

Abstract

Background Detection and diagnosis of emerging arthropod outbreaks in horticultural glasshouse crops, such as bok choy and spinach, is both important and challenging. A major challenge is to accurately detect and diagnose arthropod outbreaks in growing crops (changes in canopy size, structure, and composition), and when crops are grown under three fertilization regimes. Day-time remote sensing inside glasshouses is highly sensitive to inconsistent lighting, spectral scattering, and shadows casted by glasshouse structures. To avoid these issues, a unique feature of this study was that hyperspectral remote sensing data were acquired after sunset with an active light source. As part of this study, we describe a comprehensive approach to performance assessment of classification algorithms based on hyperspectral remote sensing data. Results Based on average hyperspectral remote sensing profiles from individual crop plants, none of the 31 individual spectral bands showed consistent significant response to leafminer infestation and non-significant response to fertilizer regime. Multi-band classification algorithms were subjected to a comprehensive performance assessment to quantify risks of model over-fitting and low repeatability of classification algorithms. The performance assessment of classification algorithms addresses the important 'bias-variance trade-off'. Truly independent validation (training and validation data sets being separated over time) revealed that leafminer infestation could be detected with >99% accuracy in both bok choy and spinach. Conclusion We conclude that detailed hyperspectral profiles (not single spectral bands) can accurately detect and diagnose leafminer infestation over time and across fertilizer regimes. Hyperspectral remote sensing data acquisition at night with an active light source has the potential to enable arthropod infestations in glasshouse-grown crops, such as, bok choy and spinach. In addition, we conclude that effective use and deployment of hyperspectral remote sensing requires thorough performance assessments of classification algorithms, and we propose an analytical performance method to address this important matter. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Plant phenotyping relevance

夜間ハイパースペクトル計測と分類アルゴリズムの性能評価を中心に、植物の害虫被害状態を検出・診断しているため、植物フェノタイピング手法研究に該当する。

Code and data availability

The article describes hyperspectral remote sensing of leafminer-stressed bok choy and spinach, but contains no data availability, code deposit, or supplement statements. The only URLs present are the CC-BY license link and a commercial vendor link for insect rearing cages (equipment, not a paper-specific asset). No raw

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