Ultrastructural and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) study of Araucaria grandifolia leaf cuticles (Aptian, Patagonia): Implications for taxonomy and paleoecology

Abstract

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), with complementary light and scanning electron microscopies observations, are employed to reveal novel information regarding the foliar cuticle fine-structure of Araucaria grandifolia (Araucariaceae). Well-preserved foliar compressions of this taxon were collected from the Punta del Barco Formation (Baqueró Group, Aptian, Patagonia, Argentina). TEM sections revealed six types of cell cuticles: two representing the ordinary epidermal cells (OEC) of the upper and lower cuticle, and four related to the stomatal apparatus and associated cells: subsidiary and guard cell cuticles, and inner and outer associated OEC cuticles. Cuticles comprise either a granular A2 layer (cuticle proper) and a spongy-fibrilous B1 layer (cuticular layer), or solely a B1 spongy layer, which is similar to that of Nothopehuen brevis and Brachyphyllum garciarum , two Cretaceous Araucariaceae from Patagonia. The statistical evaluation of quantitative measurements revealed the relationships and hierarchies between cell cuticle types and ultrastructural layers, revealing for the first time the precise identity of Araucariaceae cuticles. TEM-EDS revealed a significant presence of phosphorus (P) and chlorine (Cl), highlighting the potential taxonomic and paleoenvironmental relevance of the P/Cl ratio. Additionally, the six cell cuticle types found in A. grandifolia are shown in a dichotomous key, and a cuticle three-dimensional reconstruction is provided. Finally, the paleoenvironment conditions under which the A. grandifolia plant lived during the Aptian in Patagonia are also inferred.

Plant phenotyping relevance

葉のクチクラ微細構造・元素組成という植物器官形質を、TEM、EDS、各種顕微鏡、定量解析、3D再構成で体系的に取得・解析しており、観察が分類・古生態の補助的な routine 測定に留まらず、方法に基づく形質記載の中心となっている。

Code and data availability

公開論文であることは確認できましたが、現在の公式API・許可済み取得経路では本文を自動取得できませんでした。

No evidence-backed public reproduction asset is currently recorded.