YH-RTYO: an end-to-end object detection method for crop growth anomaly detection in UAV scenarios.

Abstract

Background Small object detection via unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) is crucial for smart agriculture, enhancing yield and efficiency. Methods This study addresses the issue of missed detections in crowded environments by developing an efficient algorithm tailored for precise, real-time small object detection. The proposed Yield Health Robust Transformer-YOLO (YH-RTYO) model incorporates several key innovations to advance conventional convolutional models. The model features an efficient convolutional expansion module that captures additional feature information through extended branches while maintaining parameter efficiency by consolidating features into a single convolution during validation. It also includes a local feature pyramid module designed to suppress background interference during feature interaction. Furthermore, the loss function is optimized to accommodate various object scales in different scenes by adjusting the regression box size and incorporating angle factors. These enhancements collectively contribute to improved detection performance and address the limitations of traditional methods. Result Compared to YOLOv8-L, the YH-RTYO model achieves superior performance in all key accuracy metrics, with a 13% reduction in the scale of model. Experimental results demonstrate that the YH-RTYO model outperforms others in key detection metrics. The model reduces the number of parameters by 13%, facilitating deployment while maintaining accuracy. On the OilPalmUAV dataset, it achieves a 3.97% improvement in average precision (AP). Additionally, the model shows strong generalization on the RFRB dataset, with AP 50 and AP values exceeding those of the YOLOv8 baseline by 3.8% and 2.7%, respectively.

Plant phenotyping relevance

作物の生育異常検出を目的とする画像ベースの物体検出モデルを開発し、複数データセットで性能評価しており、表現型状態の抽出法が中心である。

Code and data availability

The paper's Data Availability section explicitly lists public repositories for the authors' code (GitHub and Zenodo) and for the two UAV crop-detection datasets used in the experiments (MOPAD and RFRB). The ultralytics repository is a generic library and is excluded.