Precise leaf damage detection across diverse species and environments via a large-scale vision model.

Abstract

Precise detection of crop leaf damage is essential for real-time plant health monitoring and yield estimation. However, conventional deep learning models often exhibit poor generalization when deployed across varying species and complex, unstructured field environments. To address these limitations, we propose a new modeling paradigm that shifts from traditional task-specific training to foundation model adaptation. Specifically, we introduce a novel architecture integrating the DinoV3 foundation model with a Unet framework to achieve robust leaf lesion segmentation. By incorporating a Spatial Prior Module (SPM) and a Projection Module, our approach effectively bridges the gap between general-purpose pre-training and domain-specific requirements. Experimental results on coffee and black gram datasets demonstrate that this paradigm consistently outperforms standard networks, including Unet, Unet++, and SwinUnet. On the coffee leaf dataset, the proposed model achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 78.31% and a Pixel Accuracy of 88.00%, surpassing the baseline Unet by over 10.5% in IoU. Remarkably, the architecture reduces inference time by approximately 93.6% (from 63.41s to 4.07s), proving that high-parameter foundation models can be adapted for extreme computational efficiency in agricultural scenarios. To further validate scalability, we conduct additional experiments on a larger dataset, AMG HS . The proposed paradigm achieves the best overall detection performance while maintaining superior computational efficiency, confirming its robustness under increased data scale. Interpretability analysis reveals that the foundation model backbone effectively captures high-level semantic features of lesions, providing a clear explanation for its superior performance and cross-domain reliability. This research establishes a scalable, high-performance paradigm for intelligent crop protection, demonstrating that coupling customized encoders with foundation models is a superior strategy for cross-domain agricultural tasks.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物葉の病変を画像からセグメンテーションし、葉の損傷状態を定量化する手法の開発・検証が研究の中心であるため。

Code and data availability

The paper analyzes two publicly available plant image datasets hosted on Mendeley Data: a coffee leaf rust/leaf miner dataset and a black gram leaf disease dataset, both explicitly linked in the Data Availability Statement. No author analysis code or trained model checkpoints are disclosed.