In situ detection of methyl jasmonate using plant-wearable sensors to quantify genotype-dependent herbivory resistance.

Abstract

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant responses to herbivory and environmental stress. While conventional analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, provide high accuracy, their application is often limited by labor-intensive workflows, high costs, and complex sample preparation requirements. In this study, we present a wearable electrochemical sensor for the in situ monitoring of MeJA in maize (Zea mays L.) under fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]) herbivory. The sensor employs an array of microneedles functionalized with a MeJA-specific molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). This work presents the in situ monitoring of MeJA levels within intact plant tissues using a MeJA-specific MIP integrated with a microneedle-based sensor, and demonstrates, for the first time, the use of a plant-wearable sensor to quantify genotype-dependent herbivory resistance. The sensor exhibited considerable sensitivity and selectivity, with a detection limit of 0.18 μM. Sensor performance was validated in four maize genotypes with varying levels of resistance to FAW (Mp708, BS39:0043, Tx601, GEMN0131). Time-course measurements revealed that resistant genotypes exhibited earlier and stronger MeJA induction following infestation, whereas susceptible genotypes showed delayed and attenuated responses. Sensor measurements demonstrated a strong correlation with conventional measurement data. Statistical analysis using a randomized complete block design confirmed that genotype, detection methodology, and infestation status significantly influence MeJA variability. These findings highlight the potential of the present wearable sensor as a powerful tool for studying plant defense mechanisms and advancing precision agriculture through direct monitoring of phytohormonal signaling.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物体内のホルモン状態を測定するウェアラブル電気化学センサーを開発し、複数遺伝子型で性能検証・従来法との相関評価を行っており、表現型取得手法が研究の中心である。

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