The Fastest and Most Reliable Identification of True Hybrids in the Genus Pisum L.

Abstract

After crosses, the identification of true hybrids is not only the most important step in the initiation of a breeding program but also plays a crucial role in the improvement of hybrid varieties. However, current morphological or molecular-based hybrid identification methods are time-consuming and costly approaches that require knowledge and skill, as well as specific lab equipment. In the current study, xenia , direct or immediate effect of pollen on seeds was used to identify true hybrids in the genus Pisum L. for the first time without growing F 1 plants. The current study was therefore aimed to (i) elucidate the xenia effect on seeds in intra- and interspecific crosses between P. sativum L. subsp. sativum var. sativum or var. arvense L. Poir. and its wild relatives, including P. sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Aschers & Graebn. and P. fulvum Sibth. & Sm., and (ii) illuminate the beneficialness of the xenia effect in a practical improvement of the genus Pisum L. The pea cultivars, including P. sativum subsp. sativum var. sativum and P. sativum subsp. sativum var. arvense, were therefore crossed with P. sativum subsp. elatius and P. fulvum , and the occurrence of the xenia effect was studied on the seeds of fertilized female plants immediately after the crosses. It was concluded that using the xenia effect for the early detection of true hybrid immediately after crossing was not only the fastest, most reliable, and least expensive option as early selection criteria, but that xenia also provided information about dominant seed and pod traits after double fertilization.

Plant phenotyping relevance

交雑直後の種子・莢の観察可能な形質（キセニア効果）を用いて真正雑種を早期識別する方法を開発・実証しており、表現型取得が研究の中心です。

Code and data availability

The paper reports xenia-based hybrid identification in Pisum with seed measurements and SSR genotyping, but the Data Availability Statement only says 'All data are available in this article' — no public dataset, image, code, or model deposit with an authors' URL is provided. The FAOSTAT URL is a cited generic reference

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