In situ images of Cd 2+ in rice reveal Cd 2+ protective mechanism using DNAzyme fluorescent probe.

Abstract

As a common pollutant, cadmium (Cd) poses a serious threat to the growth and development of plants. Currently, there is no effective method to elucidate the protective mechanism of Cd 2+ in plant cells. For the first time, we designed a Cd 2+ fluorescent probe to observe the adsorption and sequestration of Cd 2+ in rice cell walls and vacuoles. Specifically, Cd 2+ is blocked by the Casparian strip and electrostatically attracted to hemicellulose, which is abundantly adsorbed and fixed to the cell walls of the endodermis. For Cd 2+ that successfully entered the endodermis, one part entered the cells and was compartmentalised and fixed in the vacuoles, while the other part entered the vascular bundles and precipitated in the cell walls of the sclerenchyma through the ion exchange effect. Furthermore, with prolonged exposure to Cd 2+ , compartmentalised bodies that were strongly labelled by fluorescence gradually appeared in the vacuoles, which were assumed to be a new heavy metal protective mechanism activated by plants in response to continuous Cd 2+ exposure. In conclusion, this study provides an innovative and effective method for the detection of adsorption, transportation, and accumulation of Cd 2+ in plant tissues, which can be employed for the rapid identification of crops with low Cd accumulation.

Plant phenotyping relevance

イネ組織内のCd2+の吸着・輸送・蓄積を可視化する蛍光プローブを開発し、植物組織の状態を測定する手法自体が中心であるため。

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