Responses of chlorophyll fluorescence to CO2 elimination as an indicator of Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis

Abstract

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is found in a wide variety of vascular plant species, mainly those inhabiting water-limited environments. Identifying and characterizing diverse CAM species enhances our understanding of the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary significance of CAM photosynthesis. In this study, we examined the effect of CO2 elimination on chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic parameters in two constitutive CAM Kalanchoe species and six orchids. In CAM-performing Kalanchoe species, the effective quantum yield of photosystem II showed no change in response to CO2 elimination during the daytime but decreased with CO2 elimination at dusk. We applied this method to reveal the photosynthetic mode of epiphytic orchids and found that Gastrochilus japonicus, Oberonia japonica, and Bulbophyllum inconspicuum, but not Bulbophyllum drymoglossum, are constitutive CAM. Although B. drymoglossum had relatively high malate content in leaves, they did not depend on it to perform photosynthesis even under water deficient or high light conditions. Anatomical comparisons revealed a notable difference in the leaf structure between B. drymoglossum and B. inconspicuum; B. drymoglossum leaves possess the large water storage tissue internally, unlike B. inconspicuum leaves, which develop pseudobulbs. Our data propose a novel approach to identify and characterize CAM plants without labor-intensive experimental procedures. HighlightResponses of chlorophyll fluorescence-based photosynthetic parameters to CO2 elimination differ between Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) and C3 metabolism, proposing a novel approach to identify and characterize CAM plants.

Plant phenotyping relevance

クロロフィル蛍光応答を用いてCAM光合成型を同定・特徴づける新規手法を提案し、複数の植物種へ適用しているため、植物表現型取得法が中心である。

Code and data availability

The paper reports CE-PAM chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, malate content, and anatomical data for Kalanchoe and orchid species, but no public dataset, code, or image repository is provided. The only availability statement says data are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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