A Breathable, Low-Cost, and Highly Stretchable Medical-Textile Strain Sensor for Human Motion and Plant Growth Monitoring

Abstract

Flexible strain sensors capable of conformal integration with living organisms are essential for advanced wearable electronics, human–machine interaction, and plant health. However, many existing sensors require complex fabrication or rely on non-breathable elastomer substrates that interfere with the physiological microenvironment of skin or plant tissues. Here, we present a low-cost, breathable, and highly stretchable strain sensor constructed from biomedical materials, in which a double-layer medical elastic bandage serves as the porous substrate and an intermediate conductive medical elastic tape impregnated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) ink acts as the sensing layer. Owing to the hierarchical textile porosity and the deformable CNTs percolation network, the sensor achieves a wide strain range of 100%, a gauge factor of up to 2.72, and excellent nonlinear second-order fitting (R2 = 0.997). The bandage substrate provides superior air permeability, allowing long-term attachment without obstructing moisture and gas exchange, which is particularly important for maintaining skin comfort and preventing disturbances to plant epidermal physiology. Demonstrations in human joint-motion monitoring and real-time plant growth detection highlight the device’s versatility and biological compatibility. This work offers a simple, low-cost yet effective alternative to sophisticated strain sensors designed for human monitoring and plant growth monitoring, providing a scalable route toward multifunctional wearable sensing platforms.

Plant phenotyping relevance

植物の成長をリアルタイム検出する伸縮センサーを開発し、植物への適用を実証しており、表現型取得が中心的な技術貢献である。

Code and data availability

The article reports plant growth monitoring with a textile strain sensor but contains no public phenotype datasets, sensor data, images, code, or trained models. The Data Availability Statement only offers data upon inquiry, with no public URL or repository, and allowed_urls is empty, so no paper-specific public asset,

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