The ultrastructure of the mature wheat grain after resin embedding, as observed using atomic force microscopy

Abstract

This study examines the ultrastructure of the outer layers of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in air tapping mode. The specimens were resin-embedded after hydration. A standardised protocol for preparing specimens specifically for AFM investigations is presented, focusing on revealing the ultrastructure while minimising artefacts and optimising the resolution of the structural morphology. AFM provides a comprehensive histological description of the hydrated mature wheat seed, encompassing each layer from the outer pericarp to the starchy endosperm. This study highlights the ultrastructural details of the tissues in their hydrated state, particularly with regard to morphology and size. Thus, AFM shows great potential for revealing intricate details of plant tissues structure and ultrastructure.

Plant phenotyping relevance

成熟コムギ種子の組織形態・超微細構造をAFMで取得するための標準化試料調製プロトコルを提示しており、植物形態の観察手法が中心である。

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